Psychology Wiki's Blog


Should you subscribe to LiveTV4Ever?

Posted in Uncategorized by psychologywiki on May 29, 2010
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Well the answer is in my point of view: NO don’t!

I personally can not say they are a total scam. When they have a feed (and the emphasis on on the word when) then, yes it is good quality.

But then why my statement that you should not subscribe. Well it is easy.

Firstly, I subscribed to the 6 months feed and it went smooth. Came end of the month, they just simply subtracted more money, and again, and again. After sending 17 messages they responded but refused any reimbursements and just ignored any alternative requests. No response and just no answers. That is Fraud! Nothing but Fraud.

Secondly, If there is a sporting event, don’t count seeing it. Too often the feeds are messed up and in stead of seeing your all important final game, whatever the sport may be, you will be seeing some backyard underrated and totally unrelated sporting event. Imagine tuning in and seeing some fishing event when you were all geared up for a nice fast game of rugby!

Thirdly, feeds just don’t display. And that is so true for feeds for important games. Up to now I never had the previlage to view any important final. Having no option, you will have to watch low quality free stream sites with a bunch of over enthusiastic swearing people clogging up the bandwith with rubbish and swearing chats!

But, you may say, they do have a online support system AND support e-mail. Surely that helps. No ways. They ignore it! I have spend hours waiting for so-called support and have send hunderds (litteraly) messages begging for support and some kind of answer. None is forth-comming and none will be forth comming.

So in short, they seem initially to be a nice bunch of people but don’t expect service nor delivery for what you paid! So, go and pay and enjoy! That is, if you have money to throw away!

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Improve your Body Image

Posted in Psychology by psychologywiki on May 24, 2010
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The body is a map which expresses our feeling states, our thoughts and beliefs. It ultimately links us to our sense of self. It connects us and disconnects us. A disturbed body image carries a history that cuts critically into our sense of being connected to our selves and to others.

This one day (Saturday) workshop aims to explore our personal body image that defends us from connectivity and to loosen the armour through discussion, movement and creative expression.

Living in Johannesburg, South Africa!  Well, this excellent group therapy by a fully qualified clinical psychologist in Blairgrowie, Johannesburg is a must attend!

http://www.jhbtherapy.com/workshops.html#Improve_BodyImage

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Parenting and Attachment Summary Notes (ED209)

Posted in ED209 by psychologywiki on May 4, 2010
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With a focus on parenting, and its implications for children’s development throughout childhood and into later life, Chapter 1 of Book 2 (ED209) is a comprehensive account of what the Attachment Theory of Bowlby is all about.

The chapter explains the main theoretical background of Bowlby’s attachment theory which later triggered the Strange Situation experiment developed by Ainsworth.  This technique facilitated research into secure and insecure attachment and infance and its effects on development.  The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) can be used to investigate the continuing effects of early attachment type through to adulthood.

A broad overview of the effect of parental behaviour on the development of children is provided in light of the ideas on parenting style as theorised by Baumrind as well as research into adolescence.

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Attachment Theory Classifications

Posted in ED209,Psychology by psychologywiki on May 3, 2010
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Ainsworth (1969) classified children in three types being secure, insecure-avoident and insecure-resistent whilst Main & Solomon (1990) later also identified a fourth group namely disorganised.

Subsequent studies conducted by Vontra et al. (1995) established a link between mother groups (sensitive, controlling and unresponsive) and the relevant child classification of Ainsworth.

Goldberg et al (1994) also used the Strange Situation to investigate the experiences of emotion on each of these classifications with their findings supporting Ainsworth’s general observation.

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Character type of trait?

Posted in BSc Psychology,ED209,Psychology by psychologywiki on May 2, 2010
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The idea that people can be assigned to limited character types has a long
history:

Theoprastus (371-286 BC)
Described 6
(six) characters:

Type Description
the garrulous outgoing, tlakative, vivacious
the mean selfish, misery
the tactless insensitive, clumsy
the flatterer using compliments to achive own ends
the dissembler deceitful, evasive
the avaricious grasping,
covetous
Hippocrates (460-377 BC)
Used term
“humour” meaning temperament. Defined 4 (four) basic types of people

Type Characteristics Excess of (humor/body fluids)
Choleric easily aroused, easily angered Yellow bite
Phlegmatic cool, detached Phlegm
Sanguine impulsive, excitable, optimistic Blood
Melancholic depressive, pessimistic Blue bite
  • Promoted by Galen (129-210 AD)
  • Predominant model of personality until 16th century
    AD
Plato (427 – 347 BC)
Differences
between people are more easily explained if they were seen as varying in “two
dimensions” (or “traits”).

Dimension vs Dimension
anxiety vs calmness
impusivity

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Implicit Personality Theories

Posted in DSE212,Psychology,Theories by psychologywiki on April 30, 2010
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Implicit personality theories are lay theories rather than formal psychological theories, and are usually based on traits, such as “sociable” or “kind”. They assume coherence within personality, e.g. that someone who is assertive is more likely to be energetic than someone who is passive, and that people are consistent and behave in stable ways across time and situations. Since trait combinations vary between cultures, implicit personality theories are likely to be learned from the culture. They are everyday descriptors which are common in the language; the lexical hypothesis suggests that the ways in which personality is expressed in ordinary language relate in a meaningful way to personality in everyday life.

Questionnaire tests of these theories show that they seem to have a hierarchical structure, with more general higher-order traits (e.g. “conscientiousness”) at the top, which can then be broken down into clusters of “surface traits” (e.g. in this case “puntuality”, “reliability” and “self discipline”). These in turn, at the lowest and most observable level of the hierarchy, express themselves in behaviour, and the beliefs, feelings and preferences which an individual expresses, e.g. “I never miss deadlines”…..

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Social Identity Theory

Posted in DSE212,Psychology,Theories by psychologywiki on April 30, 2010
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Tajfel‘s Social Identity Theory (SIT) divides identity into the persona, e.g. the role of parent, and the social, e.g. being British/South African. Social identity therefore relates to characteristics which define the social groups to which we belong (our ingroups), and conversely those to which we do not belong (outgroups). Our subjective feeling of belonging to groups is important to our social identity. Self esteem is boosted by having a positive view of groups to which we belong, and exaggerating differences between our ingroups and outgroups, which we conceived more negatively. Tajfel believed that simply categorising people into groups were sufficient to generate prejudice against groups to which we do not belong.

These ideas have been supported by minimal group studies. Boys divided into groups on the basis of the toss of a coin favoured their own group (the ingroup) over the other group (the outgroup), even when they would have gained ore by treating the two group more equitably……

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Gison’s Direct Perception

Posted in DSE212,Psychology by psychologywiki on April 30, 2010
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Gibson suggests that we have enough sensory information to make perception possible without processing taking place, hence ‘direct’ perception. He points out that perception is dynamic, rather than static, with more sensory information becoming available to us as we move about.

This theory can be contrasted with Gregory’s constructivist theory. Gibson discounts Gregory’s use of visual illusions top support the idea that we form perceptual hypotheses on the basis that illusions are artificial, and occur when people are tested away from the rich sensory information of the natural environment. They can also be explained purely in terms of what is present in the stimulus, as direct perception suggests, e.g. Day explains the Muller-Lyer illusion in terms of perceptual compromise between the actual length of the line and the figure of which it is part. However, some visual illusions are not easily explained in this way.

There is support for Gibson’s ideas ……

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Bottleneck Theories of Attention

Posted in DSE212,Psychology,Theories by psychologywiki on April 30, 2010
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Bottleneck theories suggest that as attentional resources are limited, some filtering of information takes place; the issue is where in the system this occurs. Broadbent, investigating attention using auditory stimuli, suggests this happens early on, on the basis of physical characteristics, e.g. the location of sounds of their pitch. He presented three digits simultaneously to each ear, and participants were asked to report the digits either in pairs of by ears. The “pairs” condition, which involves constant switching from ear to ear, is more difficult. The easier “ears” condition reports from one location at a time, supporting the idea of selection on a physical basis.

This theory suggests that nothing about meaning is processed. However, Treismann found that attention is switched to unattended information if this is meaningful, so there is some semantic processing of unattended information. This is supported by the cocktail party effect, where if we are in a conversation with someone, attention is switched if we hear our own name in an unattended conversation. Deutsch & Deutsch challenge bottleneck theories, and suggests that there are no resource limitations on processing; selection takes place at the response stage. Whether selection is early or late appears to depend on the situation. Lavie suggested that when selection takes place is determined by perceptual overload, i.e. the amount of information available to the senses. Where this is high, selection is early, and where it is low, selection is late.

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Self-serving bias in psychology

Posted in DSE212,Psychology by psychologywiki on April 30, 2010
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The self-serving bias suggest that in attributing causes to behaviour, we attribute success to internal causes (e.g. I did well in the exam because I worked hard), and failure to external causes (e.g. family problems meant I didn’t have enough time to revise). A content analysis by Lau & Russell of newspaper articles reporting baseball and football players’ and managers’ explanations of success and failure support this idea. However, though his study has high ecological validity, it may have been biased by the researchers’ subjectivity.

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